Reference guide
Rulers, dynasties, states, contemporaries, events and wars from Rurik to 1917: dates, biographies, historical context and sources.
State
Historical names and symbols
Dynasty
Ruling houses and their branches
Rulers
Reigns · princes, tsars and emperors
- Rurik862–879
- Oleg the Prophet879–912
- Igor912–945
- Olga945–964
- Sviatoslav Igorevich945–972
- Yaropolk Sviatoslavich972–978
- Vladimir the Great978–1015
- Sviatopolk Vladimirovich1015–1019 · with interruptions
- Yaroslav the Wise1016–1054 · with interruptions
- Iziaslav Yaroslavich1054–1078 · with interruptions
- Sviatoslav Yaroslavich1073–1076
- Vsevolod Yaroslavich1076–1093 · with interruptions
- Sviatopolk Iziaslavich1093–1113
- Vladimir Monomakh1113–1125
- Mstislav the Great1125–1132
- Yuri Dolgoruky1125–1157 · north-eastern line
- Andrei Bogolyubsky1157–1174
- Vsevolod the Big Nest1176–1212
- Yuri Vsevolodovich1212–1238 · with interruptions
- Alexander Nevsky1236–1263 · Novgorod / Vladimir
- Yaroslav Vsevolodovich1238–1246
- Daniil of Moscow1263–1303 · conventional dating
- Yuri Danilovich1303–1325
- Ivan I Kalita1325–1340
- Simeon the Proud1340–1353
- Ivan II the Fair1353–1359
- Dmitry Donskoy1359–1389
- Vasily I1389–1425
- Vasily II the Blind1425–1462 · with interruptions
- Ivan III the Great1462–1505
- Vasily III1505–1533
- Ivan IV the Terrible1533–1584
- Feodor I1584–1598
- Boris Godunov1598–1605
- Feodor II Godunov1605
- False Dmitry I1605–1606
- Vasily IV Shuisky1606–1610
- Michael I Romanov1613–1645
- Alexei Mikhailovich1645–1676
- Feodor III1676–1682
- Ivan V1682–1696
- Peter I the Great1682–1725
- Catherine I1725–1727
- Peter II1727–1730
- Anna1730–1740
- Ivan VI1740–1741
- Elizabeth1741–1762
- Peter III1762
- Catherine II the Great1762–1796
- Paul I1796–1801
- Alexander I1801–1825
- Nicholas I1825–1855
- Alexander II1855–1881
- Alexander III1881–1894
- Nicholas II1894–1917
Family
Lifespans and known periods of relatives
- Anna of Byzantium963–1012
- Rogneda978–1000
- Boris and Gleb1015
- Ingegerd — Irene1019–1050
- Anna Yaroslavna1051–1075
- Gytha of Wessex1074–1098
- Feodosia Mstislavna1214–1244
- Evdokia Dmitriyevna1353–1407
- Sophia of Lithuania1371–1453
- Maria Yaroslavna1418–1484
- Sophia Palaiologina1443 or 1448/1449–1503
- Elena Glinskaya1526–1538 · known period
- Anastasia Romanovnac. 1531/1532–1560
- Filaret (Feodor Romanov)c. 1554–1633
- Marina Mniszech1588/1589–1614/1615
- Eudoxia Streshneva1608–1645
- Maria Miloslavskaya1624–1669
- Natalia Naryshkina1651–1694
- Alexei Petrovich1690–1718
- Anna Petrovna1708–1728
- Anna Leopoldovna1718–1746
- Maria Feodorovna1759–1828
- Maria Alexandrovna1824–1880
- Maria Feodorovna1847–1928
- Alexandra Feodorovna1872–1918
- Alexei Nikolaevich1904–1918
Statesmen
Politics, government and military affairs
- Sveneld930–977
- Dobrynya970–985
- Dmitry Bobrok-Volynsky1371–1389
- Alexei Adashev1547–1560
- Kuzma Minin1611–1616
- Dmitry Pozharsky1611–1642
- Afanasy Ordin-Nashchokin1667–1671
- Sophia Alexeyevna1682–1689
- Alexander Menshikov1703–1727
- Andrey Osterman1721–1741
- Ivan Shuvalov1749–1762
- Alexander Suvorov1768–1800
- Grigory Potemkin1774–1791
- Mikhail Speransky1801–1839
- Mikhail Kutuzov1811–1813
- Sergei Witte1892–1906
- Pyotr Stolypin1906–1911
Contemporaries
Science, culture, religion and society
- Hilarion1051–1055
- Nestor1080–1114
- Peter1308–1326
- Sergius of Radonezh1337–1392
- Alexius1354–1378
- Theophanes the Greek1378–1405
- Andrei Rublev1405 — c. 1428
- Afanasy Nikitinc. 1468–1474
- Ivan Fyodorov1563–1583
- Archpriest Avvakum1644–1682
- Semyon Dezhnyov1648–1662
- Patriarch Nikon1652–1666
- Simeon of Polotsk1664–1680
- Stepan Razin1667–1671
- Vasily Trediakovsky1730–1768
- Mikhail Lomonosov1742–1765
- Denis Fonvizin1761–1792
- Ivan Kulibin1764–1818
- Yemelyan Pugachev1773–1774
- Alexander Radishchev1773–1802
- Gavrila Derzhavin1773–1816
- Nikolai Karamzin1783–1826
- Alexander Pushkin1814–1837
- Mikhail Glinka1825–1857
- Nikolai Lobachevsky1826–1856
- Mikhail Lermontov1830–1841
- Nikolai Gogol1831–1852
- Ivan Aivazovsky1835–1900
- Ivan Turgenev1843–1883
- Fyodor Dostoevsky1846–1881
- Leo Tolstoy1852–1910
- Alexander Herzen1853–1870
- Nikolai Chernyshevsky1853–1889
- Dmitri Mendeleev1856–1907
- Ivan Sechenov1863–1905
- Pyotr Tchaikovsky1864–1893
- Nikolai Przhevalsky1867–1888
- Ilya Repin1870–1917
- Sofia Kovalevskaya1874–1891
- Ivan Pavlov1875–1917
- Anton Chekhov1880–1904
- Alexander Popov1883–1906
- Konstantin Tsiolkovsky1883–1917
- Sergei Rachmaninoff1892–1917
- Anna Pavlova1899–1917
- Grigori Rasputin1905–1916
Events
Reforms and turning points
- The chronicle invitation to the Varangians862
- Oleg in Kyiv882
- Treaty between Rus' and Byzantium911
- Christianisation of Rus'988–989
- Formation of the Russkaya Pravda1016–1130
- Council of Liubech1097
- Increasing autonomy of the principalities1132–1169
- First mention of Moscow1147
- Rise of Vladimir1157
- Acknowledgement of Mongol imperial authority1243
- Metropolitan Peter in Moscow1326
- Tver uprising1327
- Vladimir as a hereditary possession1389
- Appointment of Metropolitan Jonah1448
- Treaty of Yazhelbitsy1456
- Annexation of Novgorod1478
- Great Stand on the Ugra1480
- Ivan III's Law Code1497
- Annexation of Pskov1510
- Monetary reform1535
- Coronation of Ivan IV as tsar1547
- The oprichnina1565–1572
- Establishment of the Patriarchate1589
- The Great Famine1601–1603
- Interregnum and the Seven Boyars1610–1613
- Liberation of Moscow1612
- Election of Michael Romanov1613
- The Law Code of 16491649
- Church reform and schism1653–1667
- Two tsars on one throne1682
- Abolition of mestnichestvo1682
- Foundation of St Petersburg1703
- Proclamation of the Empire1721
- Table of Ranks1722
- Rejection of the 'Conditions'1730
- Elizabeth's coup1741
- Moscow University1755
- Catherine II's coup1762
- The Charters of 17851785
- Act of Succession1797
- Decembrist uprising1825
- Emancipation of the serfs1861
- Zemstvo and judicial reforms1864
- Construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway begins1891
- Manifesto of 17 October1905
- The First State Duma1906
- Abdication of Nicholas II1917
Wars
Sides · outcomes · peace treaties
- Igor's campaign against Byzantium941–944
- Sviatoslav's campaigns against Khazaria964–966
- Sviatoslav's Balkan campaigns967–971
- Joint campaigns against the Cumans1103–1116
- Battle of the Kalka River1223
- Mongol invasion1237–1241
- Wars in the north-west1240–1242
- Battle of Kulikovo1380
- Tokhtamysh's campaign1382
- Muscovite dynastic war1425–1453
- Kazan campaigns1545–1552
- Astrakhan campaigns1554–1556
- Livonian War1558–1583
- War with the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth1609–1618
- Swedish intervention1610–1617
- Smolensk War1632–1634
- Russo-Polish War1654–1667
- Great Northern War1700–1721
- Pruth campaign1711
- Seven Years' War: Russia1756–1762 · Russia's participation
- Russo-Turkish War1768–1774
- Russo-Turkish War1787–1791 / peace in 1792 N.S.
- Russo-Swedish War1808–1809
- Patriotic War of 18121812
- Caucasian War1817–1864
- Russo-Persian War1826–1828
- Crimean War1853–1856
- Russo-Turkish War1877–1878
- Russo-Japanese War1904–1905
- First World War1914–1918 · shown to 1917